Impact of breastfeeding and/or bottle-feeding on surgical wound dehiscence after cleft lip repair in infants: A systematic review

Background

Immediately after cleft lip repair, breastfeeding and bottle-feeding are generally restricted to avoid placing tension on the surgical incision. However, no consensus about feeding methods after cleft lip repair has been reached. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of breastfeeding and/or bottle-feeding on surgical wound dehiscence after cleft lip repair in infants.

Influence of altered occlusal guidance on masticatory muscle activity during clenching

This study investigated the influence of experimentally altered occlusal guidance on masticatory muscle activity. Twenty healthy human subjects (15 males and five females with an average age of 26.5 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Metallic occlusal overlays were fabricated for the lower working side canine and overlaid on the second molar and the non-working side second molar to simulate a canine-protected occlusion, group function occlusion and bilateral balanced occlusion. Electromyography (EMG) activities in the bilateral masseter, anterior and posterior temporalis were recorded during maximal clenching. The experimental occlusal pattern revealed to have statistically significant effects on EMG activity. As the most characteristic change, EMG activity in the anterior temporalis significantly increased in the simulated group function occlusion and the simulated bilateral balanced occlusion compared with the simulated cuspid protected occlusion. The increased teeth contacts to the posterior region altered the unilateral pattern of the anterior temporalis activity to the bilateral pattern, while that of masseter activity remained unchanged.     

A case of eruption guidance for eruption disturbances of the bilateral second molars caused by supernumerary teeth

We report a rare case of eruption disturbance of the bilateral second molars caused by supernumerary teeth in a 7-year-old Japanese boy. The supernumerary teeth were detected by radiographic examination. Computed tomography (CT) was used to examine the positional relationship of the supernumerary teeth and neighboring second molars. CT images showed conical-shaped supernumerary teeth on the upper buccal side of the unerupted mandibular second molars. The cusps of the supernumerary teeth pointed toward the lingual side. Because the two supernumerary teeth threatened to disturb the eruption of the second molars, they were surgically removed at 2 years and 4 months after diagnosis. After removal of the supernumerary teeth, the mandibular second molars erupted at a normal age and aligned normally within the dentition. To the best of our knowledge, this is only one case report of eruption guidance for eruption disturbances of the bilateral second molars caused by supernumerary teeth.     

60例老年颌面外伤患者的心理特点及疏导

目的:了解颌面外伤老年患者的心理特点,提出相应的心理疏导对策。方法:选择60例老年颌面外伤住院患者,通过临床观察和语言交流,了解他们不同的心理状态,采取相应的心理疏导措施,观察对老年患者医疗活动所起的意义。结果:通过对老年颌面外伤患者心理状态的了解,使用相应的心理疏导对策,对患者的医疗过程和治疗效果可以起到积极的作用。结论:对老年颌面外伤患者除了积极的医疗救助外,还应进行适当的心理疏导。     

Cell and tissue behavior on micro-grooved surfaces

In this review, we discuss substrates and implant surfaces provided with micrometer-sized groove and ridge patterns. Such "microgrooves" influence cell behavior: the cells align themselves, and migrate guided by the surface grooves. This phenomenon is known as "contact guid-ance". First, cell structure and cell attachment behavior are described. Then techniques for the production of microgrooves are addressed, and a summary is given of a number of previous in-vitro and in-vivo experiments on this subject. Based on the knowledge of cell movement, we suggest a theory involving the dynamics of fibrous cellular components in the filopodium. Finally, future directions for this type of research, and implications for medical and dental implantology, are addressed. Received: September 27, 2000 / Accepted: June 7, 2001     

FDA指导原则管理规范的发展及启示

目的 全面理解FDA指导原则管理规范(Good Guidance Practice,GGP)的起草背景、基本结构、主要特点、运行成效及改进方向,为中国将来制定药品监管指导原则管理规范提供参考。方法 采用文献研究与比较法学研究的方法,对美国《联邦公报》等政府文件中与GGP相关的内容作梳理,结合美国行政法律制度分析其生成发展环境。结果 GGP的出台依赖社会力量推动,它一直将指导原则的外延界定、非法律强制性的内涵属性、充分引入公众参与,以及建立通畅的评议反映渠道作为基本内容,而社会共治则是GGP最核心的原则。近些年FDA对指导原则制定过程的科层管理效率也提出了新要求。结论 中国未来可以借鉴GGP在指导原则分类分级、公众参与、部门协作机制等方面的制度成果;同时考虑到中外法律体系差异等因素,还应该在指导原则属性定位等领域进行规范。     

速释口服固体制剂人体生物等效性试验豁免药学研究的要求

随着科学认知的不断深入,为缩短药品的批准上市时间,不同药品监管机构相继出台了人体生物等效性豁免的相关法规及技术文件,旨在通过体外研究来替代体内试验。总结和比较国内外相关指导原则对速释口服固体剂型的仿制药药学研究的要求,重点关注存在的差异之处,探讨背后的科学原因,并在最终经国际人用药品注册技术协调委员会协调一致的过程中得到思考和启示,以期增加仿制药被豁免体内试验的成功率、进而降低仿制药的开发成本,但同时亦能保证其质量和疗效与参比制剂一致,真正实现其临床可替代性。     

Impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding: a systematic review

Metabolic and bariatric surgery helps women achieve a healthier weight, reduce co-morbid conditions, increase fertility rates, and improve pregnancy outcomes compared with counterparts who are obese. Breastfeeding is known to provide both infant and maternal health benefits as well. Less is known about the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to review the impact of bariatric surgery on breastfeeding following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched using terms such as “bariatric surgery,” “postnatal care,” “lactation,” and “breastfeeding.” Reference lists were also used to find relevant articles. A total of 49 records were identified. Abstracts were screened, and 11 observational studies were identified after meeting inclusion criteria, which included the use of original research on breastfeeding and women who have had bariatric surgery. The available research shows that breast milk after bariatric surgery is adequate in nutrients and that no long-term effects were reported in cases studies when nutrient deficiencies were corrected. Limitations include observational study design and small sample sizes. This systematic review suggests that breastfeeding after bariatric surgery should be recommended along with monitoring and micronutrient supplementation. However, additional research and increased sample sizes are needed to further examine the relationship, and such studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence and explore ways to improve breastfeeding rates in this population.     

超声引导与透视引导下膝下动脉逆行穿刺在下肢动脉闭塞双向成形术中应用对比研究

目的 比较超声引导下膝与透视引导下穿刺动脉逆行穿刺在下肢动脉闭塞双向成形术中的成功率及并发症。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院自2016年5月至2019年5月因下肢动脉闭塞行双向开通术的67例病人资料,根据逆穿引导方法的不同分为超声组和透视组,其中超声组32例,透视组35例,分析两组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、通畅率及相关并发症情况。结果 67例病人逆行穿刺均获得成功,超声组在平均穿刺时间及穿刺次数上均明显少于透视组（P＜0.05）;两组术后Rutherford分级较术前均明显改善,同时,ABI值较术前均明显升高（P＜0.05）;超声组与透视组6个月的一期通畅率分别为80％和76.5％,12个月的一期通畅率分别为71.4％和73.3％,两组间通畅率比较差异无统计学意义;常见并发症为穿刺点出血、血肿及穿刺血管痉挛,两组间并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论 超声引导下穿刺较透视引导下穿刺可以明显缩短穿刺时间及减少穿刺次数,有临床应用价值。     

朱南孙调经助孕经验

朱南孙教授治疗不孕症,强调"首辨虚实",因人制宜,重在求本,虚则补之,实则泻之。对于虚证,先补益其虚,气血安和,再调经助孕;对于实证先予祛邪,邪去正复再予调补助孕。对于婚久不孕,经行错后,畏寒肢冷,纳呆便溏之脾肾阳虚者,先治以温肾健脾,养血调经,待脾胃调和,再施以温肾助孕法治疗。朱老提出欲求嗣,必先调经,调经者,重在调周,调周者,必兼养卵促卵。行经期,以通为主,以活血调经之品促进经血通畅,慎用寒凉药以防滞其经水。经后期,经水已泻,胞宫阴血亏虚逐渐至盛,以滋阴养血,补益冲任为主,常予四物汤、二至丸化裁。不孕症患者性善忧思急躁,心神失养,阴虚阳亢,无以营养冲任胞宫,不能成孕,故而疏肝解郁,宁神定志亦为调经助孕之要领。